Such evidentiary data of funerary behavior in conjunction with the rest of the archaeo-anthropological record afford the opportunity to document where possible and deduce where pertinent aspects of the transitional period, overlapping the end of life's journey and the unfolding of death in light of a number of the principles, the values, and the modes that guided the lives of the ancients as mortuary habits may have the transcending power to be revealing of certain codes of ante mortem conduct, of main beliefs, of ideologies and viewpoints, characteristic of their ideational world and hence of their attitudes toward, and expectations of, post mortem life. Designated in short as contextual association A1K1, the tomb as a funerary activity area yielded a remarkable collection of jar burials in complex internal tomb stratification, containing cremated human bones accompanied by a most noteworthy assembly of burial artifacts of exquisite wealth, along a multitude of traces of "fossilized" behavior left resolutely behind by the ancients in their transactions on the paths of their perceived realities and obligations of life norms, but also of the arcane matters of afterlife. Among a plethora of features discovered, unearthing components of a unique nexus to the Geometric-Archaic Periods, was an unspoiled time capsule in astonishing contextual preservation, a hand carved tomb with a drómos into the softer bedrock material of Orthi Petra. The virtuous and the heroic were rewarded in the Elysian fields wrongdoers were sent to Tartarus and most wandered as dull shadows among fields of asphodel.Ī Dignified Passage Through the Gates of HadesĪrchaeological excavations at the Eleuthernian burial ground of Orthi Petra continue to yield significant elements of the archaeo-anthropological record, the subject matter of continuous interdisciplinary research, outreach, national and international acclaim. The judges of the dead-Minos, Aeacus, and Rhadamanthus-assigned to each soul its appropriate abode. All the dead drank of the river of forgetfulness. The honey cake that the Greeks buried with the dead was intended to quiet him. Unauthorized spirits who tried to enter or leave Hades were challenged by the fearful dog Cerberus. The newly arrived dead were ferried across the Styx by the avaricious old ferryman Charon, whom they paid with the coin that was placed in their mouths when they were buried. It was separated from the land of the living by the rivers Styx, Lethe, Acheron, Phlegethon, and Cocytus. 2 The world of the dead, ruled by Pluto and Persephone, located either underground or in the far west beyond the inhabited regions. ![]() 1 The ruler of the underworld: see Pluto. (hā'dēz), in Greek and Roman religion and mythology.
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